![]() ![]() ![]() Providing explanatory depth to these findings, we identify a mechanism-city size-dependent cumulative advantage-that constitutes an important channel through which differences in the size of tails emerge. ![]() We find that the tails of within-city distributions and their growth by city size account for 36–80% of previously reported scaling effects, and 56–87% of the variance in scaling between indicators of varying economic complexity. Here we use micro-level data from Europe and the United States on interconnectivity, productivity and innovation in cities. Human networking and productivity exhibit heavy-tailed distributions, with some individuals contributing disproportionately to city totals. However, they have overlooked the stark inequalities that exist within cities. Theories of urban scaling have demonstrated remarkable predictive accuracy at aggregate levels. ![]()
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